Mengenal Passive Voice dalam Tes TOEFL: Materi, Tips, disertai Contoh Soal dan Pembahasan
BABAD.ID | Stori Loka Jawa - Passive voice adalah struktur yang digunakan ketika tindakan lebih penting daripada pelakunya, biasanya dengan pola "to be + past participle."
Passive voice adalah struktur kalimat di mana fokus utama terletak pada tindakan (action) daripada pelaku (doer). Dalam bentuk ini, objek dalam kalimat aktif menjadi subjek dalam kalimat pasif.
Pola dasar passive voice:
To be + past participle (V3)
Contoh:
- Aktif: The teacher explained the lesson. (Guru menjelaskan pelajaran.)
- Pasif: The lesson was explained by the teacher. (Pelajaran dijelaskan oleh guru.)
Baca Juga: Panduan Lengkap That Clause dalam Tes TOEFL, serta Contoh Soal dan Pembahasan!
Pola Passive Voice Berdasarkan Tenses
1. Simple present atau simple past
Rumus:
[am/is/are/was/were+V3 (past participle)]
Contoh:
- Active: Hurricanes destroy a great deal of property each year.
- Passive: A great deal of property is destroyed by hurricanes each year.
2. Present continuous atau past future
Rumus: [am/is/are/was/were+being+V3 (past participle)]
Contoh:
- Active: The committe is considering several new proposal.
- Passive: Several new proposals are being considered by the committee.
3. Present perfect atau past perfect
Rumus:
[has/have/had+been+V3 (past participle)]
Contoh:
- Active: The company has ordered some new equipment.
- Passive: Some new equipment has been ordered by the company.
4. Modals
Rumus:
[Modal+be+V3]
Contoh:
- Active: Hurricanes destroy a great deal of property each year
- Passive: A great deal of property is destroyed by hurricanes each year
Kapan Menggunakan Passive Voice?
- Ketika pelaku tidak diketahui atau tidak penting
- The window was broken last night. (Jendelanya pecah tadi malam.)
- Ketika lebih fokus pada tindakan daripada pelaku
- A new bridge is being constructed. (Sebuah jembatan baru sedang dibangun.)
- Dalam tulisan akademik atau formal
- The experiment was conducted successfully. (Eksperimen dilakukan dengan sukses.)
- Dalam instruksi atau pengumuman
- All assignments must be submitted before Friday. (Semua tugas harus dikumpulkan sebelum Jumat.)
Baca Juga: Mengenal Apa Itu Pronoun dalam Bahasa Inggris Berserta Contoh Soal dan Pembahasannya
Tips Menguasai Passive Voice dalam TOEFL
✔ Latih mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi pasif dan sebaliknya.
✔ Pastikan subjek dan kata kerja sesuai dengan tense dalam passive voice.
✔ Ketahui kapan harus menggunakan by + agent (pelaku).
✔ Perhatikan bentuk past participle (V3) dalam setiap kalimat pasif.
✔ Biasakan membaca teks akademik yang sering menggunakan passive voice.
Contoh Soal Passive Voice & Pembahasannya
1. The novel ___ by the author last year.
A) writes
B) is written
C) was written
D) has written
Jawaban: (C) was written → Karena menunjukkan tindakan masa lalu (last year), gunakan past simple passive (was + V3).
2. The results ___ tomorrow.
A) announce
B) are announced
C) will be announced
D) were announced
Jawaban: (C) will be announced → Karena ada kata "tomorrow," gunakan future passive (will be + V3).
3. The documents ___ carefully before being signed.
A) is checked
B) was checked
C) were checked
D) checks
Jawaban: (C) were checked → Karena subjeknya plural (documents), gunakan were + V3.
4. A new policy ___ by the company every year.
A) is introduced
B) introduced
C) introduces
D) was introduced
Jawaban: (A) is introduced → Karena menunjukkan kebiasaan, gunakan present simple passive (is + V3).
5. The cake ___ by my sister yesterday.
A) is baked
B) was baked
C) bakes
D) has baked
Jawaban: (B) was baked → Kata "yesterday" menunjukkan past simple passive (was + V3).
6. The road ___ at the moment.
A) is being repaired
B) was repaired
C) repairs
D) repaired
Jawaban: (A) is being repaired → Karena ada "at the moment," gunakan present continuous passive (is being + V3).
7. The speech ___ when we arrived.
A) is being delivered
B) was being delivered
C) has been delivered
D) delivered
Jawaban: (B) was being delivered → Gunakan past continuous passive (was being + V3) untuk aksi yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu.
8. The book ___ by many students.
A) has been read
B) was read
C) is reading
D) reads
Jawaban: (A) has been read → Present perfect passive (has been + V3) digunakan karena tidak ada keterangan waktu spesifik.
9. The message ___ before I woke up.
A) had been sent
B) was sent
C) has been sent
D) is sent
Jawaban: (A) had been sent → Karena ada kejadian sebelum masa lalu, gunakan past perfect passive (had been + V3).
10. By next year, a new stadium ___ in this city.
A) will be built
B) will have been built
C) was built
D) is built
Jawaban: (B) will have been built → Karena berbicara tentang masa depan yang sudah selesai, gunakan future perfect passive.
11. The project ___ soon.
A) will complete
B) will be completed
C) completes
D) completed
Jawaban: (B) will be completed
12. The invitations ___ by hand.
A) is sent
B) was sent
C) are sent
D) sent
Jawaban: (C) are sent
13. The decision ___ yet.
A) has not been made
B) is not made
C) was not made
D) makes
Jawaban: (A) has not been made
14. The computer ___ when the power went out.
A) is used
B) was being used
C) used
D) was used
Jawaban: (B) was being used
15. The report ___ by the team yesterday.
A) is finished
B) was finished
C) finishes
D) finish
Pembahasan:
Jawaban yang benar adalah (B) was finished. Karena menunjukkan tindakan masa lalu dalam bentuk passive, kata kerja "finish" harus dalam bentuk past passive yaitu "was finished.”
16. The documents ___ carefully before being approved.
A) is checked
B) was checked
C) were checked
D) checks
Jawaban: C) were checked
Pembahasan:
Subjeknya plural (the documents), jadi gunakan were.
Kata kerja dalam passive voice berbentuk was/were + V3.
Bentuk past participle dari check adalah checked.
17. A new law ___ by the government next year.
A) will pass
B) will be passed
C) passes
D) is passing
Jawaban: B) will be passed
Pembahasan:
Ada kata "next year" yang menunjukkan masa depan.
Struktur future passive adalah will be + V3.
Bentuk past participle dari pass adalah passed.
18. The cake ___ by my mother yesterday.
A) is baked
B) was baked
C) bakes
D) has baked
Jawaban: B) was baked
Pembahasan:
Ada kata "yesterday", artinya tense yang digunakan past simple passive.
Struktur past simple passive adalah was/were + V3.
19. By the time we arrived, the guests ___ their dinner.
A) has been served
B) had been served
C) was served
D) were serving
Jawaban: B) had been served
Pembahasan:
"By the time we arrived" menunjukkan kejadian sebelum masa lalu lainnya.
Gunakan past perfect passive → had been + V3.
20. The project ___ by the end of this month.
A) will have completed
B) will be completing
C) will have been completed
D) is completed
Jawaban: C) will have been completed
Pembahasan:
Ada "by the end of this month," artinya future perfect passive.
Gunakan will have been + V3.
21. Which of the following sentences is in the passive voice?
A) The manager gave the employees a bonus.
B) The employees received a bonus from the manager.
C) A bonus was given to the employees by the manager.
D) The manager is giving the employees a bonus.
Jawaban: C) A bonus was given to the employees by the manager.
Pembahasan:
Passive voice menggunakan to be + V3.
Pilihan C menggunakan was given, yang merupakan bentuk past passive.
22. The letter ___ yet.
A) is not sent
B) has not been sent
C) was not sent
D) did not send
Jawaban: B) has not been sent
Pembahasan:
Kata "yet" menunjukkan penggunaan present perfect passive.
Struktur present perfect passive adalah has/have been + V3.
23. A new shopping mall ___ in this area.
A) builds
B) is being built
C) was being built
D) has built
Jawaban: B) is being built
Pembahasan:
Kalimat ini menunjukkan sedang berlangsung.
Struktur present continuous passive adalah is being + V3.
24. The invitations ___ last week.
A) is sent
B) are sent
C) were sent
D) has sent
Jawaban: C) were sent
Pembahasan:
Ada keterangan waktu "last week", jadi gunakan past simple passive.
Struktur past simple passive adalah was/were + V3.
25. The novel ___ into several languages.
A) translates
B) is translated
C) translated
D) is translating
Jawaban: B) is translated
Pembahasan:
Tidak ada keterangan waktu spesifik, jadi gunakan present simple passive.
Struktur present simple passive adalah is/am/are + V3.
26. The mistake ___ before the report was printed.
A) was corrected
B) had been corrected
C) is corrected
D) corrects
Jawaban: B) had been corrected
Pembahasan:
Ada dua kejadian di masa lalu → gunakan past perfect passive → had been + V3.
27. The message ___ when I checked my phone.
A) was being sent
B) had been sent
C) is sent
D) was sent
Jawaban: B) had been sent
Pembahasan:
Karena aksi terjadi sebelum aksi lain di masa lalu, gunakan past perfect passive.
28. The museum ___ every Monday.
A) closes
B) is closed
C) was closed
D) closed
Jawaban: B) is closed
Pembahasan:
Menggambarkan kebiasaan → gunakan present simple passive.
29. The students ___ about the exam results.
A) was informed
B) were informed
C) are informing
D) have informed
Jawaban: B) were informed
Pembahasan:
Gunakan past simple passive karena tidak ada tanda waktu spesifik.
30. A new hospital ___ in our city next year.
A) will be built
B) will build
C) builds
D) is built
Jawaban: A) will be built
Pembahasan:
Karena ada "next year", gunakan future passive (will be + V3).
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